Effects on cardiovascular disease associated with COVID-19: A Review

Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) epidemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 has been declared an international public health emergency. COVID-19 may affect people with cardiovascular disease (CVD) at high risk for adverse effects, and infection alone is associated with cardiovascular complications. COVID-19 can manifest as an acute respiratory distress syndrome in serious cases and the most vulnerable identified in patients with pre-existing cardiovascular co-morbidities. Cardiac complication including arrhythmias, acute myocardial injury, cardiogenic shock, is often found in serious cases and closely correlated with mortality. A substantial number of patients with COVID-19 have chronic CVD and/or heart risk factors. The co-morbidity in COVID-19 patients with predecessors severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 and middle-east respiratory syndrome associated with CVD. To provide effective medical services for critically ill patients, recognizing the impact of COVID-19 on the cardiovascular system is therefore necessary. In this review, we tried to summarize the rapidly changing evidence and highlight the cardiovascular considerations associated with COVID-19.